Audiovisual works have both audio and visual media components, only audio components, or visual components. The reference format will change depending on whether the work stands alone (like a podcast) or is part of a larger whole (like an episode of a podcast).

• Standalone Audiovisual Media
• Audiovisual Media that is Part of a Whole
• Audio Works
• Visual Works

For audiovisual media that stand alone, the reference structure is as follows:

For audiovisual media that are part of a larger whole, the reference structure is as follows:

Tips:

• Please note that the author of the text will depend on what type of source you are citing. For example, the author of a YouTube video is the person or group who uploaded the video; the author of a podcast is the host or executive producer, etc.
• Using square brackets, describe the medium after the title of the work: [Video] or [Audio podcast episode].